Health Library Conditions

PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)

PCOS illustration

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It occurs when the ovaries produce higher-than-normal amounts of male hormones, leading to irregular menstrual cycles, cysts in the ovaries, and potential fertility issues.

Causes of PCOS

  • Excess insulin or insulin resistance
  • Low-grade inflammation
  • Genetic factors (family history of PCOS)
  • Excess androgen production

Symptoms of PCOS

  • Irregular or absent periods
  • Excess facial and body hair (hirsutism)
  • Acne and oily skin
  • Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
  • Thinning hair or hair loss on the scalp
  • Darkening of skin patches, especially on the neck and underarms
  • Infertility or difficulty conceiving

Diagnosis

PCOS is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests to check hormone levels, and ultrasound imaging to look for ovarian cysts.

Treatment Options

  • Lifestyle changes: weight loss, healthy diet, and regular exercise
  • Medications for regulating menstrual cycles
  • Medications to manage insulin resistance
  • Fertility treatments for women trying to conceive
  • Hair removal treatments and acne management

Prevention & Lifestyle Tips

  • Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
  • Exercise regularly to improve insulin sensitivity
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Monitor menstrual cycles and consult a doctor for irregularities
  • Manage stress through yoga, meditation, or other relaxation techniques

When to See a Doctor

If you experience irregular periods, excessive hair growth, sudden weight gain, or difficulty conceiving, it is recommended to consult a gynecologist or endocrinologist for proper evaluation and treatment.

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